Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS):
2.11.d
edit drafts using standard English conventions, including:
complete sentences with subject-verb agreement;
past, present, and future verb tense;
singular, plural, common, and proper nouns;
adjectives, including articles;
adverbs that convey time and adverbs that convey place;
prepositions and prepositional phrases;
pronouns, including subjective, objective, and possessive cases;
coordinating conjunctions to form compound subjects, predicates, and sentences;
capitalization of months, days of the week, and the salutation and conclusion of a letter;
end punctuation, apostrophes in contractions, and commas with items in a series and in dates; and
correct spelling of words with grade-appropriate orthographic patterns and rules and high-frequency words;
2nd Grade Writing - Parts of Speech Lesson
Words are sorted into groups by what they do in sentences.
These groups of words are called "parts of speech."
Some important parts of speech are --
NOUNS
VERBS
ADJECTIVES
ADVERBS
PRONOUNS
PREPOSITIONS
NOUN
a word that names a person, place, thing, animal, or idea.
Example:
pilot
A "pilot" is the name for a person who flies a plane. It is a common noun. Common nouns name general persons, places, things, animals, or ideas.
Here are some examples of common nouns:
girl
city
planet
dog
Mexico
"Mexico" is the name of a place -- a country. It is a proper noun. Proper nouns name specific persons, places, things, animals, or ideas. Proper nouns start with capital letters.
Here are some examples of proper nouns:
Janet
Dallas
Mars
Rover
crayons
The word, "crayons," is the name for things people use for drawing and coloring. It is a common noun. It is also a plural noun. "Plural" means "more than one."
Here are some examples of plural nouns:
boys
rooms
cookies
cats
If a noun names just one thing, it is singular. The singular forms of the above words are --
boy
room
cookie
cat
crocodile
A "crocodile" is the name of a type of animal. It is a singular, common noun.
happiness
The word, "happiness," is the name for an idea. It can't be seen, touched, smelled, tasted, or heard, but it is an idea that can be understood, experienced, and thought about.
VERB
an action or being word.
Example:
carry
The verb, "carry," means to move, take, or bring something.
We carry our books to class.
The verb, "carry," is an action verb.
Verbs change their forms to agree with the subjects and tenses of their sentences.
She carries the grocery bags for Grandma. (present)
He carried his wallet to the concert last night. (past)
be
The verb, "be," means to exist, live, or happen. It has many different forms, including is, am, are, was, and were.
He is a great guy!
They were very happy then.
All the forms of "be" are being verbs.
ADJECTIVES
words that describe nouns.
Example:
strong
The adjective, "strong," means powerful.
The strong girl lifted the heavy backpack.
In the above sentence, the adjective comes right before the noun it describes: strong girl.
Adjectives can also come after a being verb in a sentence: "The girl was strong." The word, "strong," is still an adjective because it describes a noun, "girl."
a, an, or the
These three words are a special type of adjective called articles.
Articles come before nouns:
He ate a waffle.
The boys went to school early.
I wish I were an octopus.
ADVERBS
words that give extra information about where, when, how, how much, or how often something happens.
ADVERBS are describing words. They often describe verbs or adjectives.
Example:
inside
The children play inside on rainy days.
The adverb, "inside," tells where the children play.
tomorrow
They will visit their grandma tomorrow.
The adverb, "tomorrow," tells when they will visit their grandma.
quickly
Mary finished her homework quickly.
The adverb, "quickly," tells how Mary finished her homework.
really
Mario was really happy about his test score!
The adverb, "really," tells how much Mario was happy.
rarely
Sara rarely sings out loud.
The adverb, "rarely," tells how often Sara sings out loud.
PREPOSITONS
words that make connections between the ideas in a sentence.
Prepositions are words like on, between, around, and beside.
Prepositions begin prepositional phrases.
Prepositional phrases are groups of words that start with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun.
Example:
on the floor
Jacob spread the blanket on the floor.
The preposition is "on." It begins the prepositional phrase, "on the floor."
beside him
I sat beside him at the play.
The preposition is "beside." It begins the prepositional phrase, "beside him."
PRONOUNS
words that take the place of nouns.
Example:
they
Elaine and Bill left for California. They won't be there until next week.
The pronoun, "they," takes the place of the plural subject, "Elaine and Bill."
her
Janet ate her lunch after class.
The pronoun, "her," refers to Janet. It was Janet's lunch. It was her lunch.
him
Jake played the game with Terrell. He liked playing with him.
The pronoun, "him," takes the place of "Terrell," who is the object of the preposition, "with."
2nd Grade Writing - Parts of Speech Lesson